Abstract

In large-scale mapping, method of using electronic total stations (TS) can provide the most reliable results, especially in residential areas and vegetated areas. Meanwhile, GNSS/CORS technology has advantage of achieving fast results and it is very efficient in a well-ventilated area. In order to take advantage of these two methods, we propose the application of the coordinate and elevation adjustment problem to calibrate the map established by using GNSS/CORS technology on the map established by TS by using ground control points or clear feature points. In case of using GNSS/CORS for mapping, it is necessary to use TS to measure obscured points, these points can be measured in the assumed coordinate system, then use TS to measure some clear feature points which was determined by GNSS/CORS, these can be used as key points to match the area measured by TS to the area measured by GNSS/CORS. The result of the study is a programming module which can automatically correct the coordinate and elevation of the measured points when applying the combination of GNSS/CORS and TS for mapping. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can be applied for establishing topographic and cadastral maps from data derived by integrating GNSS/CORS and TS.